The Causes and Impacts of Youth Smoking on Hong Kong

Title The causes and impacts of youthfulness locoweed on Hong Kong weed young the great unwasheds choice of life Content Page Chapter 1 Introduction P. 3-4 Chapter 2 Literature Review and methodological analysis p. 5-11 2. 1 Literature Review 2. methodological analysis 2. 3 Limitations 2. 4 Chapter summary Chapter 3 Findings p. 12-19 3. 1 Reasons of have among Hong Kong young plenty 3. Non- stag partys view towards sess 3. 3 Effects of take in on quite a littlers fibre of life in the stinting and social aspects 3. 4 Suggestions to help passelrs to take off sens 3. 5 The enduringness of g everywherenment measures in promote and component part bumrs to kibosh weed 3. Chapter summary Chapter 4 Analysis and Discussion p. 20-26 4. 1 The truth about youth hummer 4. 2 The effectiveness of giving medication measures on encouraging and helping smokers to surrender weed 4. 3 Suggestions to help smokers to surrender smoking 4. Li mitation of the take on 4. 5 Areas for further study 4. 6 After thoughts Bibliography p. 27 List of Appendices p. 8-43 Table of contents Summary table of the results of read/write headnaires Questionnaire samples ( in Chinese and English versions) Chapter 1 Introduction smoking is non proficient for health and it smells dreadful. I want to sock wherefore some(a) young slew still smoke. Hong Kong government has passed some laws about banning smoking in indoor aras and some public atomic number 18as such as parks.The government as well as shot some advertisement about renounceting smoking, such as the smoke-free Hong Kong advertisement. I want to know whether these measures atomic number 18 effective in helping smokers to quit smoking. My grandfather died because of tuberculosis. He was a heavy smoker. I want to know how smoking call for hoi pollois health. My uncle as well has a smoking habit. I want to know some ways to help smokers to quit smok ing by dint of this Independent interrogatory Studies. The focus questions of my Independent Enquiry Studies argon wherefore do some Hong Kong young population amaze smoking? , What are the non-smokers and smokers views towards smoking? , How does smoking affect Hong Kong young quite a littles quality of life in economic and social aspect? and What plenty we do to help the smokers to quit smoking? In this Independent Enquiry Studies, smoking refers to the smoking of all forms of tobacco, including cigarette, cigar, hand rolled cigarette and pipe-smoking. Hong Kong smoking young peck refers to Hong Kong residents aged 10-25 who at the measure of doing the evaluate have a smoking habit, no matter what type of tobacco they smoked and their smoking pattern. People who smoked before and have now quitted smoking refers to tribe who previously had a smoking habit for at least 1 month continuously. Quality of life refers to the degree of satisfaction in the secular and spiri tual aspects of life. There are 4 chapters in the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 1 is Introduction. It includes the background of the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 2 is Methodology. It includes the method of doing research in the Independent Enquiry Studies. Chapter 3 is Findings. It includes the findings of the research. Chapter 4 is Analysis.After analyzing the findings, I allow for suggest some possible answers to the focus questions. In the appendix, samples of questionnaires and a summarizing table of the findings are attached. with the Independent Enquiry Studies, we should be able to gain knowledge of non-smokers view towards smoking, assess the effectiveness of governments measures on helping and encouraging smokers to quit smoking and know some effective methods in helping smokers to quit smoking. Chapter 2 Literature Review and Methodology 2. 1 Literature Review 2. 1. 1 Youth smokersAccording to the survey on Pattern of heater conducted by the Census and statistical Department during declineember 2007 to March 2008, 10500 exhaustively deal in Hong Kong aging from 15 to 19 smoked. 2. 4% of them are daily smokers. 107800 people in Hong Kong aging from 20 to 29 smoked. 15. 9% of them are daily smokers. The percentage of daily smokers was on a gradually decreasing trend over the past 15 years from 1993 to 2008. Average daily consumption of cigarettes of 15-19 smokers was 11 cigarettes in the survey conducted during Dec 2007-Mar 2008, piece the average consumption of cigarettes of 20-29 cigarettes smokers was 12 cigarettes. 1 2. 1. 2 Causes of youth smoking According to the survey on Pattern of Smoking conducted by the Census and Statistical Department during December 2007 to March 2008, 59. 8% of daily cigarette smokers started smoking because of influence of friends, 36. 7% out of curiosity. Other reasons included necessity in social functions (8. 1%), influence of family members (7. 8%) , easing tension (4. 2%), envisage cardin als mind (3. 7%) and killing fourth dimension (3. 4%). 2 2. 1. 3 Impacts of youth smoking Many sources suggest that smoking can cause various diseases and hence has a negative impact on smokers health.On the website of Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, it suggests that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health. Smoking can cause different cancers, such as cancers of the mouth and throat, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer. Smoking also causes cardiac diseases, pulmonary and respiratory diseases and genital diseases, such as impotence in male smokers. 3, The website of Tobacco Control superpower Department of Health also suggests that smoking is a causative agent of many fatal diseases and cancers.Smoking can cause disorders and problems such as impotence, infertility, wrinkling and halitosis. Smoking would also bring about socio-economical consequences. 4 2. 1. 4 Methods of quitting smoking The website of Tobacco Control Office Department of Health includes s ome tips and methods that can help smokers to quit smoking. When you start to quit smoking, you will still have urges to smoke. The urge will last for just a few minutes and you will be able to get over it. The website provides some methods to help smokers get over this urge.For example, when smokers have urges to smoke, they can attack to divert their attentions to smoke by washing face, listen to music, etc. 5 2. 2 Methodology Questionnaire will be employed to collect the data for the IES. There are many good points. 1. vicenary Research Orientation 1. Scientific approach Quantitative police detectives work on simplifying complicated social phenomena into measurable mannikins. After calculation, the researcher can know the general situation of different social phenomena and their inter affinitys. 2. Objective approachThe in-person opinions of respondents whitethorn affect their answers to some questions. For example, when the respondents are asked whether the government con stitution is effective in tackling smoking, it is difficult to define effective. However, the researcher can use a to a greater extent objective approach, such as when using literature review, the researcher can compare the number of smokers before and after the government policies are implemented. Assume there are light speed00 people quit smoking after the banning smoking in restaurants. Some people whitethorn think that it is effective while some people may think that it is non effective.From this figure, we can know the actual situation. 3. Require less time and resources Instead of arranging a time doing interview with the respondents face-to-face, we can send the questionnaire to target respondents through mails. We may also upload the questionnaire online and invite respondents to answer the questionnaire through online forums and social-networking software and websites. 4. Can reach more(prenominal) respondents As the time required for each respondent to give response i s shorter, there is more time to invite more respondents to give responses.Some people may be s compassionated or shy when doing a face-to-face interview, a questionnaire is more suitable to these respondents. Since Hong Kong people are busy, many of them cannot arrange time for doing the interview. direct a questionnaire to them enables them to answer when they have time. 1. Research Procedures The mini pilot questionnaire Before actual questionnaires were distributed, the researcher talk overed the questionnaire with his teacher and classmates to ascertain whether the questions are understandable and sensible to the respondents.This also gives rough ideas of the suitability of wording and the appropriateness of the sequence of questions and the questions being asked. The questionnaires The researcher utilize online questionnaire at first to save time and resources among 1 February 2011 and 20 March 2011. However, the number of respondents was not satisfactory (237), while the t arget sample size was 300 and the researcher decided to distribute questionnaires directly in supply Bay on 27 March 2011. In the research, the researcher divided the respondents into three target groups, including non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers.Each target group had a unique set of questions in order to answer different focus questions in the research. The questions were provided with choices to drag data analysis easier and save respondents time. Questionnaire questions Most of the questionnaire questions were provided with options and the option former(a)s for respondents to give answers that were not given up in the options. There were a lot of options in the questions so as to cover most possible opinions of respondents. This surely saved respondents time in completing the questionnaire and the researcher can analyze the data easily.The questionnaire had both Chinese and English versions, so the respondents could understand the questions easily and give appropriate resp onses. Examples were also given after the some relatively difficult words to ensure the respondents understand the questions clearly. 1. Data Analysis Numerical expression of data In order to make the data comparable, all answers are arranged in different categories and both numbers of respondents choosing that option and the percentage of respondents choosing that option (only in questions that the respondents could only cull one option) were shown. . Limitations The questionnaires are distributed online and in the Causeway Bay, so people who do not live in Causeway Bay and cannot access to the internet cannot get the questionnaire. Therefore, the responses may be dark-skinned and confined. 3. Chapter Summary This chapter has given the theoretical framework for this research, including the literature review and methodology of this research. In this research, questionnaire was used master(prenominal)ly.To enhance readers understanding of the research, both the research procedure and data analysis with also its objective and scientific approach were included. Chapter 3 Findings In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the data collected through questionnaires. The research emphasizes on the causes and impacts of youth smoking on Hong Kong smoking young peoples quality of life. In 3. 1, there will be a discussion on the reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking. In 3. 2, the Hong Kong non-smoking young peoples view towards smoking will be investigated.In 3. 3, how smoking affects Hong Kong smoking young peoples quality of life in the economic and social aspects will be explored. In 3. 4, the researcher will attempt to give some suggestions to help Hong Kong smoking young people to quit smoking. In 3. 5, the researcher will give a discussion on the effectiveness of government measures on encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking. 3. 1 Reasons of smoking among Hong Kong young people The researcher has distributed 100 questionnaires to Hong Kong smoking young people.As shown in figure 1, the reasons why some Hong Kong young people smoke are influence of friends (60%), curiosity (36%), influence of family members (8%), releasing pressure (8%) killing time (4%) and refreshing ones mind (4%) Options chassis of respondents make up ones mind of friends 60 Influence of family members 8 tenuity 36 Release pressure 8 killing time 4 refreshing ones mind 4 Figure 1 Summary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong young people smoke 3. 2 Non-smokers view towards smoking The researcher has also distributed 100 questionnaires to Hong Kong non-smoking young people. As shown in figure 2, among 100 Hong Kong non-smoking young people, 95 of them do not like people who smoke, only 5 of them like people who smoke. pic Figure 2 a pie chart showing the general opinions of Hong Kong non-smoking young people on Hong Kong smoking young people As shown in figure 3, among the 5 Hong Kong non-smoking young people who like sm oking people, all of them like people who smoke because they think that smoking people are attractive. 4 of them also like the smell of cigarettes. Options Number of respondents Smoking people are attractive 5 I like the smell of cigarettes 4 exploited smoke is good for my health 0 Figure 3 Summary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong non-smoking young people like people who smoke. (they can look at more than 1 option) As shown in figure 4, among the 95 Hong Kong non-smoking young people, 80 of them dilikes people who smoke because they think that smoking people are not attractive. 85 of them hate the smell of cigarettes. All of them agrees that secondhand smoke is bad for their health,so they disfavour people who smoke. Options Number of respondents Smoking people are not attractive 80 I hate the smell of cigarettes 85 Secondhand smoke is bad for my health 95 Figure 4 Summary table showing the reasons why some Hong Kong non-smoking young people dislike people who smoke (Respondents can use up more than 1 option) 3. 3 Effects of smoking on smokers quality of life in the economic and social aspects As shown in figure 5, among the 100 Hong Kong smoking young people, 9% of them spend $0-50 in purchasing cigarettes per workweek. 80% of them spend $51-100 in acquire cigarettes per week. 11% of them spend $101-150 in buying cigarettes per week. So, smokers have a greater expense and thus smoking have a negative impact on smokers quality of life in the economic aspect. Options Number of respondents percentage $0-50 9 9% $51-100 80 80% $101-150 11 11% $151-200 0 0% $201-250 0 0% $251-300 0 0% $301-350 0 0% $350 or above 0 0% Figure 5 Summary table showing how much do Hong Kong smoking young people spend on buying cigarettes per weekAs shown in figure 2, 95% of Hong Kong non-smoking young people responded dislike people who smoke. This shows that smoking has adverse impacts on the relationship between smokers and non-smokers. Hence, smoki ng adversely affects smokers quality of life in social aspect. 3. 4 Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking The researcher has conducted questionnaires with 100 ex-smokers in Hong Kong. As shown in figure 6, among 100 ex-smokers responded, all of them discarded all cigarettes and ashtrays to quit smoking. 80 of them used medications for quitting smoking. 90 of them tried to avoid staying in places where people smoke. 77 of them used smoking effect services provided by smoking intent clinics. Options Number of respondents eject all cigarettes and ashtrays 100 apply medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine 80 reconcile and nicotine gum) Avoid staying in places where people smoke 90 exploitation smoking cessation services provided by smoking 77 cessation clinics Figure 6 Summary table showing what measures ex-smokers took to quit smoking (Respondents can choose more than 1 option) 3. The effectiveness of government measures in encouraging and helping smo kers to quit smoking According to figure 7, 76 of the 100 ex-smokers responded decided to quit smoking because of the advice from health premeditation professionals. 54 of them decided to quit smoking because of health reasons. 23 of them decided to quit smoking because of influence of friends. 59 of them decided to quit smoking due to influence of family members. 9 of them decided to quit smoking as requested by boss or teachers. 43 of them decided to quit smoking due to government policies. Options Number of respondents Health reasons (with advice from doctors/ other health care 76 professional) Smoking is not good to my health 54 Influence of friends 23 Influence of family members 59 Requested by boss/ teachers 9 administration policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking 43 areas) Figure 7 Summary table showing why ex-smokers decided to quit smoking ( Respondents can choose more than one option) 3. 6 Chapter summary With the aids of pie charts and tables, the c hapter attempts to give a discussion on the reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking, the non-smokers views towards smoking, how smoking affect smokers quality of life in the economic and social aspects, the effectiveness of government measures in helping and encouraging the smokers to quit smoking and suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking. The main reasons why some Hong Kong young people start smoking are influence of friends and curiosity.Most Hong Kong non-smoking young people dislike people who smoke. Smoking has adverse impacts on smokers quality of life in both economic and social aspects. Government measures are effective in helping the smokers to quit smoking as 77 of the 100 ex-smokers responded used smoking cessation services provided by government smoking cessation clinics. Government measures are not effective in encouraging the smokers to quit smoking since only 43 of the 100 ex-smokers responded quit smoking because of government policies such as exp anding statutory no smoking areas. Further discussion and analysis are to be followed in chapter 4. Chapter 4 Analysis and DiscussionBased on the findings done in Chapter 3 and related studies, this chapter would discuss the causes of youth smoking, the impacts of youth smoking on Hong Kong smoking young peoples quality of life in the economic and social aspect, the effectiveness of government measures in encouraging and helping the smokers to quit smoking and further explore some methods to help smokers to quit smoking. 4. 1. The truth about youth smoking 4. 1. 1. The causes of youth smoking As said in chapter 3, the causes of youth smoking are influence of friends, curiosity, influence of family members, releasing pressure, killing time and refreshing ones mind. To explain the causes of youth smoking, the following may serve as reference. Influence of friends In general, adolescents value the relationship with their friends.In order to have a good relationship with their peers, t hey will try their best to obtain their affirmation and acceptance. So, influence of friends is a main reason why some Hong Kong young people start smoking. queerness Nowadays, smoking scenes frequently appears on television and films. Hong Kong young people and children often see people smoking on the street. They may have a pervert concept that smoking people are cool. They begin to develop the curiosity to smoke. When there are some chances for them to start smoking, such as being invited by friends they are more likely to start smoking. Influence of family members In the childhood, parents are the idols of their children. Children tend to follow what their parents do.If children see their parents smoking, they will have a higher object to follow their parents and start smoking. They will also have a higher curiosity towards smoking. Smoking parents is harder to drive off their children from smoking because the parents themselves smoke, too. So, influence of family members is also one main cause of youth smoking. 4. 1. 2 The impacts of smoking on smokers quality of life As mentioned of chapter 3, smoking has adverse impacts on smokers quality of life in the economic and social aspect. The following will explain the impacts of smoking on smokers in details. In the economic aspect Smokers have to spend coin on buying cigarettes.The government has recently increased the tobacco tax and worked hare to tackle contraband and counterfeit cigarettes problem. The prices of cigarettes therefore increases and smokers have to pay more on cigarettes. As shown in chapter 2, smoking is detrimental to health as it may lead to different cancers and other diseases such as infertility. So, smokers may be easier to get a disease and their medical expenses may increase. Therefore, smoking brings negative impacts on smokers quality of life in the economic aspect. In the social aspect As shown in chapter 3, most non-smokers dislike people who smoke. Therefore, smokers ha ve a poor relationship with most non-smokers.Smokers have a poorer relationship with non-smokers and hence the social aspect of quality of life of smokers is negatively affected. On the other hand, smokers may have a better relationship with other smokers. For example, cigarettes are often used as gifts among business community in China. People can get recognition from other smokers by smoking. So, smokers have a better relationship with other smokers and hence smoking brings exacting impacts on smokers quality of life in the social aspect. 4. 2. The effectiveness of government measures on encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking 4. 2. 1 The effectiveness of government measures Smokers are often addicted to cigarettes.They experience many withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit smoking, such as dizziness, headache and poor concentration. Therefore, it is difficult for smokers to quit smoking. As mentioned in chapter 3, the effectiveness of government measures on encouragi ng smokers to quit smoking is low. 2. The effectiveness of government measures on helping smokers to quit smoking As declared in chapter 3, many ex-smokers used smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics to quit smoking. This shows that government measures are effective in helping smokers to quit smoking. 2. Suggestions to help smokers to quit smoking It is difficult to quit smoking.However, smokers can use some methods adopted by most ex-smokers to quit smoking. Here are some examples. Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays Avoid staying in places where people smoke Using medications for quitting smoking ( such as nicotine patch and nicotine gun) 3. Limitation of the study branch and foremost, the study involving 300 respondents for sampling may not be able to represent the opinions of non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers. The distribution of questionnaires are done online and in Causeway Bay, so people who do not have the access to the internet nor live in Ca useway Bay may not get the questionnaire. Therefore, the responses may be biased and confined.Due to the limited resources, the researcher has already tried to work out the generalized pattern of peoples opinions towards smoking as much as possible. The researcher has also studied similar studies done by the government in a much larger scale. Hence, the reliability of the study can be increased. season has always been a constraint to the researcher. So as to ensure the general trend of peoples opinions, the researcher has spent considerable time on analyzing the data and arranging them into summary tables and pie charts. 4. Areas for further study Despite the limitations, the study can hopefully uph out of date the complexity of the causes and impacts of youth smoking. This study has brought some insights to the policy makers in encouraging and helping Hong Kong smoking people to quit smoking.The following suggestions may also serve as good topics for further studies New methods t o stop people from starting to smoke New methods of encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking by other stakeh quondam(a)ers (besides the government and individuals) The rationale behind these suggestions is highly understandable. cake is better than curing. It is easier to stop people from starting to smoke than helping smokers to quit smoking because smokers are addicted to cigarettes. Therefore, looking for methods to encourage people not to start smoking is a more useful method to reduce the smoking population in Hong Kong. As stated in 4. 2. , the current government measures are not effective in encouraging smokers to quit smoking. Also, development of new cheaper and more comfortable methods to quit smoking may encourage smokers to quit smoking. Therefore, a research on new methods to encourage and help smokers to quit smoking is contributive to reduce smoking population in Hong Kong. 5. Afterthoughts To the researchers belief, this study helps readers to gain knowledg e of peoples view towards smoking and know some effective methods in helping smokers to quit smoking. This study has also assessed the effectiveness of governments measures in encouraging and helping smokers to quit smoking. Bibliography Books Census and Statistical Department. Pattern of smoking, Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics (Hong Kong, June 2009) Websites Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health. Risks? alert Smoking http//smokefree. hk/en/content/web. do? page=ActiveSmoking (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Tobacco Control Office Department of Health. Smoking and Health http//www. tco. gov. hk/english/infostation_sh. hypertext mark-up language (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Tobacco Control Office Department of Health. Quitting Smoking http//www. tco. gov. hk/english/quittting/quitting_vcqs. thml (Retrieved on 17 April 2011) Appendix I Summary table of the results of the questionnaires For non-smokers 1. How centenarian are you? Choices Number of respondents 10-15 23 16-20 45 21-25 32 2. What is your sex? Choices Number of respondents Male 79 Female 21 3. Can you suggest some methods that you think that are effective in helping smokers quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays 100 Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine 90 patch and nicotine gum) Avoid staying in places where people smoke 90 Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking 93 cessation clinics Others(please state) 0 4. Do you like people who smoke? Choices Number of respondents Yes (please go to question 5) 95 No (please go to question 6) 5 5. Why do you like people who smoke? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Smoking people are attractive 5 I like the smell of cigarettes 4 Secondhand smoke is good for my health 0 Others(please state) 0 6. Why do you hate people who smoke? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respon dents Smoking people are not attractive 80 I hate the smell of cigarettes 85 Secondhand smoke is bad for my health 95 Others(please state) 0 7. Do you have relatives or friends who smoke? Choices Number of respondents Yes (please go to question 8) 63 No (Thank you for completing the survey) 37 8. Have you tried to persuade your relatives or friends to quit smoking? Choices Number of respondents Yes (please go to question 9) 27 No (Thank you for completing the survey) 26 9. After your persuasion, did your relatives or friends try to quit smoking? Choices Number of respondents Yes 8 No 15 I do not know 4 For smokers 1. How old are you? Choices Number of respondents 10-15 3 16-20 45 21-25 52 2.How long have you been smoking? Choices Number of respondents 1-3 years 63 4-6 years 19 7-10 years 15 10 years or above 3 3. Do you agree that smoking is bad to your health? Choices Number of respondents Agree 92 Disagree 8 4. Do you agree that you are addicted to cigarettes? Choices Number of respondents Agree 87 Disagree 13 5. How many cigarettes you smoke per day? Choices Number of respondents 1-3 12 4-6 34 7-9 40 10-12 13 13-15 1 16-18 0 18-21 0 22 or above 0 6. How much do you spend on buying cigarettes per week? (Hong Kong Dollars) Choices Number of respondents $0-50 9 $51-100 11 $101-150 80 $151-200 0 $201-250 0 $251-300 0 $301-350 0 $350 or above 0 ? $301-350 ? $350 or above 7. Where do your coin buying cigarettes come from? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Work 44 Petty silver from family members 78 From illegal ways 0 Borrow from family members/friends 23 Others(please state) 0 8. Do you relatives or friends know that you smoke? Choices Number of respondents Yes (please go to question 9) 67 No (please go to question 10) 33 9. Generally, do they support you to smoke? Choices Number of respondents Yes 13 No 33 I do not know 21 10. Why do you smoke ? (You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Influence of friends 60 Influence of family members 8 Curiosity 36 Release pressure 8 cleanup time 4 refreshing ones mind 4 Others(please state) 0 11. What are the bad effects of smoking on you? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents I am not welcomed 23 I am less legal 92 Not enough money 30 Makes me ugly 43 Bad fig 33 Poor relationship with relatives 37 Poor relationship with friends 29 Others(please state) 0 12. What are the good effects of smoking on you? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents I am welcomed 63 I am more healthy 8 I have more money 47 I am more handsome/beautiful 57 Good image 57 Better relationship with relatives 10 Better relationship with friends 70 Others(please state) 0 13. Have you tried to quit smoking? Choices Number of respondents Yes (please go to question 14) 20 No (Thank you for completing the surv ey) 80 14. Why did you quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care 3 professional) Smoking is not good to my health 5 Influence of friends 2 Influence of family members 13 Requested by boss/ teachers 15 Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking 3 areas) Others(please state) 0 15. What methods did you use to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays 20 Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine 17 patch and nicotine gum) Avoid staying in places where people smoke 18 Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking 18 cessation clinics Others(please state) 0 16. Why did you fail to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Not set enough 20 Smoking has become a habit/favourite 20 Quitting smoking is suffering 20 Othe rs(please state) 0 For ex-smokers 1. How old are you? Choices Number of respondents 10-15 0 16-20 15 21-25 85 2. Why did you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Influence of friends 83 Influence of family members 15 Curiosity 40 Release pressure 13 killing time 15 refreshing ones mind 3 Others(please state) 0 3. Why do you quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Choices Number of respondents Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care 76 professional) Smoking is not good to my health 54 Influence of friends 23 Influence of family members 59 Requested by boss/ teachers 9 Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking 43 areas) Others(please state) 0 4. What methods did you use to quit smoking? You may choose more than 1 option) Options Number of respondents Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays 100 Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine 80 patch and nicotine gum) Avoid staying in places where people smoke 90 Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking 77 cessation clinics 5. What is the most important factor that help you to quit smoking successfully? Choices Number of respondents Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care 76 professional) Determination to quit smoking 100 Support from family member and/or friends 67 Requested by boss/ teachers 13 Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking 43 areas) Others(please state) 0 Appendix II Samples of Questionnaires ( ) 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 1. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? ? ? 3. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 4. ( 5? ) ( 6? ) 5. ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 6. ( ) ? ? ? ? ( ) 7. ( 8? ) ( ) 8. ( 9? ) ( ) 9. ( ) , 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 1. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? 3. ?1-3? ?4-6? ? 6-10? ? 10 4. 5. 6. ?1-3 ? 4-6 ? 7-9 ? 10-12 ? 13-15 ?16-18 ? 19-21 ? 22 7. ( ) ?$0-50 ? $51-100 ? $101-150 ? $151-20 0 ? $201-250 ? $251-300 ? $301-350 ? $350 8. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 9. ( 10? ) 11? ) 10. , 11. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 12. ( ) ? ? ? ? / ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 13. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 14. ( 15? ) ( ) 15. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ? ( ) ? ( ) 16. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 17. ( ) ? ? / ? ? ( ) ( ) , 2007 10500? 15 19 , , 10 25 2. ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. ? ? ? ? 3. ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ) 4. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? / ? ? ? ( ) ? ( ) 5. ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) 6. ? ( ) ? ? ? ( ) ? / ? ( ) Youth Smoking (non-smokers)Background learning In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked. Through this survey, I want to let out the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smokers and non-smokers quality of life. This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10- 15? 16-20? 21-25 2. What is your sex? ? male ? female 3. Can you suggest some methods that you think that are effective in helping smokers quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke ? Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 4. Do you like people who smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 5) ? No (please go to question 6) 5. Why do you like people who smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Smoking people are attractive ? I like the smell of cigarettes ? Secondhand smoke is good for my health ? Others(please state) 6. Why do you hate people who smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Smoking people are not attractive ? I hate the smell of cigarettes ?Secondhand smoke is bad for my health ? Others(please state) 7. Do you have relatives or friends who smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 8) ? No (Thank you for completing the survey) 8. Have you tried to persuade your relatives or friends to quit smoking? ? Yes (please go to question 9) ? No (Thank you for completing the survey) 9. After your persuasion, did your relatives or friends try to quit smoking? ? Yes? No ? I do not know Thank you for completing the survey Youth Smoking (smokers) Background Information In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked.Through this survey, I want to identify the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smokers and non-smokers quality of life. This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. How long have you been smoking? ? 1-3 years? 4-6 years? 7-10 years ? 10 years or above 3. Do you agree that smoking is bad to your health? ? Agree ? Disagree 4. Do you a gree that you are addicted to cigarettes? ? Agree ? Disagree 5. How many cigarettes you smoke per day? ? 1-3 ? 4-6? 7-9? 10-12? 13-15? 16-18 ?18-21? 22 or above 6. How much do you spend on buying cigarettes per week? (Hong Kong Dollars) ? $0-50 ? $51-100 ? 101-150 ? $151-200 ? $201-250 ? $251-300 ? $301-350 ? $350 or above 7. Where do your money buying cigarettes come from? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Work ? Petty cash from family members ? From illegal ways ? Borrow from family members/friends ? Others(Please state) 8. Do you relatives or friends know that you smoke? ? Yes (please go to question 9) ? No (please go to question 10) 9. Generally, do they support you to smoke? ? Yes? No ? I dont know 10. Why do you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Curiosity ? Release pressure ? killing time ? refreshing ones mind ?Others(please state) 11. What are the bad effects of smoking on you? (You may choose more than 1 op tion) ? I am not welcomed ? I am less healthy ? Not enough money ? Makes me ugly ? Bad image ? Poor relationship with relatives ? Poor relationship with friends ? Others(please state) 12. What are the good effects of smoking on you? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? I am welcomed ? I am more healthy ? I have more money ? I have better relationship with relatives ? I am more handsome/beautiful ? good image ? I have better relationship with friends ? Others(please state) 13. Have you tried to quit smoking? ? Yes (please go to question 14) No (Thank you for completing the survey) 14. Why did you quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care professional) ? Smoking is not good to my health ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ? Others(Please state) 15. What methods did you use to quit smoking? (You may choo se more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays ? Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 16. Why did you fail to quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Not determined enough ? Smoking has become a habit/favourite ? Quitting smoking is suffering ? Others(please state) Thank you for completing the survey Youth Smoking (Ex-smokers) Background Information In recent years, the number of youth smoking increases steadily. A survey in 2007 reveals that 10500 Hong Kong people aged 15-19 smoked. Through this survey, I want to identify the opinions of non-smokers and smokers towards smoking, the reasons why smokers smoke and how smoking affect smokers and non-smokers quality of life.This survey is only set for people aged 10-25 1. How old are you? ? 10-15? 16-20? 21-25 2. Why did you smoke? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Curiosity ? Release pressure ? killing time ? refreshing ones mind ? Others(please state) 3. Why do you quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ other health care professional) ? Smoking is not good to my health ? Influence of friends ? Influence of family members ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ? Others(Please state) 4.What methods did you use to quit smoking? (You may choose more than 1 option) ? Discard all cigarettes and ashtrays ? Using medications for quitting smoking (such as nicotine patch and nicotine gum) ? Avoid staying in places where people smoke ? Using smoking cessation services provided by smoking cessation clinics ? Others(please state) 5. What is the most important factor that help you to quit smoking successfully? ? Health reasons(with advice from doctors/ o ther health care professional) ? Determination to quit smoking ? Support from family member and/or friends ? Requested by boss/ teachers ? Government policies(such as expanding statutory no smoking areas) ?Others(Please state) Thank you for completing the survey 1 Census and Statistical Departmen